Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

The Comparison of the Search and Inspection in the Criminal Procedures of Iran and the U.S.A.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Gholam-Hassan Kooshki
Sahar Soheil Moghadam
Abstract
Considering the right to privacy or the privacy of individuals is one of the prominent human rights in any society. One of the action in that will be considered as a violation of privacy is "search and inspection". Given the exceptional nature of this action, it is essential to determine the boundaries of this action in the rules of criminal procedure. According to the principle of “non-entry into the privacy of the persons” and the absolute lack of this right, justice system in both Iran and America, in addition to guaranteeing this right, in order to provide public order and interests, they explained the license ways to restrict such. In both the judicial system, inspection and search, subject to the permission of the judicial authority, except in cases of necessity, such as in an obvious crime. However in America's legal system in addition to the obvious crimes, for clear and immediate danger when the police authorities have the right to inspect and search. In the America's legal system, contrary to Iranian law, clear rules for search and inspection of vehicles allocated. One of the distinctive aspects of the American legal system in this context is not only related to past crimes and evidence inspection, but also by assigning special arrangements such as the search and expected or pre-emptive inspection to discover the crime. On the other hand, in both the legal system, appropriate guarantees, such as criminal and civil enforcement are dedicated. However, in America's legal system exclusionary rule has dedicated. This matter act as an essential step in ensuring that the rules and hearing procedures is proceeding.
Keywords
search and inspection
the right to privacy
the Code of Criminal Procedure
Iran and America law
آشوری، محمد. آیین دادرسی کیفری، جلد دوم. چاپ دوازدهم. مرکز تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی (سمت)، 1389.
اسکندری، مصطفی. «ماهیت و اهمیت حریم خصوصی.» فقه و اصول، حکومت اسلامی 15: 4 (1389).
انصاری، باقر. حقوق حریم خصوصی. تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه‌ها (سمت)، 1386.
انصاری، ولی‌الله. حقوق تحقیقات جنایی. چاپ دوم. تهران: مرکز تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی (سمت)، 1390.
پاد، ابراهیم. حقوق کیفری اختصاصی، جلد اول. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، بی‌تا.
جعفری لنگرودی، محمد جعفر. مبسوط در ترمینولوژی حقوق. تهران: انتشارات گنج دانش، 1378.
جوانمرد، بهروز. فرآیند دادرسی در حقوق کیفری ایران. چاپ دوم. تهران: انتشارات بهنامی، 1390.
خالقی، علی. نکته‌ها در آیین دادرسی کیفری. چاپ سوم. تهران: مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهشهای حقوقی شهر دانش، 1393.
رحمدل، منصور. «حق انسان بر حریم خصوصی.» مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی 70 (1384).
صفری کاکرودی، عابدین. «تفتیش منازل و ملاحظات حقوقی آن.» فصلنامه دانش انتظامی 29 (1385).
فرجیها، محمد، و الهیار یاری. «اعتبار گزارش‌های مبتنی بر تفتیش و بازرسی ضابطین: رویکرد تطبیقی.» مجله کارآگاه، دوره دوم 5:19 (1391).
کوشکی، غلامحسن. «حمایت از حریم خصوصی در مکان خصوصی در مقررات دادرسی کیفری ایران.» مجله حقوقی دادگستری 5 (1386).
معین، محمد. فرهنگ فارسی. چاپ بیست و چهارم. تهران: انتشارات امیر کبیر، 1386.
Acker, James, and David Brody. Criminal Procedure A contemporary perspective. Second Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2004.
Campbell Black, Henry. Black’s Law Dictionary. Fifth edition. USA: ST. PAUL, MINN. West publishing Co, 1968.
Collings, Rex A. “Toward workable rules of search and seizure - An amicus curiae brief.” California Law Review 50: 3 (1962).
Del Carmen, Ronaldo V. Criminal Procedure: Law and Practice. Eight edition. Wadsworth publishing, 2008.
Ferdico, John N., Henry F. Fradella, and Christopher D. Totten. Criminal Procedure for the Criminal Professional. Tenth edition. Wadsworth cevgage learnig, 2009.
Gillespie, Daniel T. “Bright rules: development of the law of search and seizure during traffic stops.” Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 31: 1 (1999).
Hall, Daniel E. Criminal Law and Procedure. Fifth edition. Delmar Cengage Learning Publisher, 2009.
Kaminski, Daniel W. “Concluded to exclude: The exclusionary rule’s role in civil forfeiture proceedings.” Seventh circuit Review 6: 1 (2010).
Marek, Edward F. “Telephone Search Warrant: A new equation for exigent circumstances.” Cleveland State Law Review 27: 1 (1978).
Oran, Daniel. Oran’s Dictionary of the Law. Third edition. West Legal Studies Thomson Learning, 2000.
Scheb, John M. and John M. Scheb II, Criminal Procedure. Sixth edition. USA: Wadsworth, 2012.
Thaman, Stephen C. Exclusionary Rules in Comparative Law, Netherlands: Springer, 2012.
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Volume 3, Issue 5
Winter 2015
Pages 95-133