فهرست منابع
الف. منابع فارسی
اکبری، جهاندار، محمد آشوری، محمدعلی اردبیلی و علی صفاری. «فلسفه سلب حیات با نگاهی بر حقوق کیفری ایران». مجله پژوهش حقوق کیفری 8 (1399): 41-10.
امیرعلائی، شمسالدین. مجازات اعدام. تهران: کتابخانه دهخدا، 1375.
بکاریا، سزار. جرایم و مجازاتها. ترجمة محمدعلی اردبیلی. تهران: میزان، 1380.
پرادل، ژان. تاریخ اندیشههای کیفری. ترجمة علیحسین نجفی ابرندآبادی. تهران: مجد، 1381.
فوکو، میشل. مراقبت و تنبیه، تولد زندان. ترجمة نیکو سرخوش و افشین جهاندیده. تهران: نشر نی، 1385.
منتسکیو، روحالقوانین. ترجمة علیاکبر مهتدی. تهران: نشر کاویان، 1343.
ب. منابع خارجی
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Nagin, D. “General Deterrence: A Review of the Empirical Evidence.” In Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating of the Criminal Sanction an Aim Rotes, edited by A. Blumstein, J. Cohen and D. Nagin, 343-369. Washington, Dc: National Academy of Sciences, 1973.
Newman, Graeme. Just and Painful. New York: Macmillan, 1983.
Paternoster and Piquero. “Reconceptulizing Deterrence: Consequences and Criminal Behavior.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 20 (1995): 34-53.
Siegel, J. Larry. Criminology. Seventh Edition. Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts, 2000.
Singer. B. F. “Psychological Studies of Punishment.” California Law Review 58 (1970): 405-443.
Stafford, Mark C., and Mark War. “Reconceptualization of General and Specific Deterrence.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30 (1993):123-135
William. K. R. and R. Hawkins. “Perceptual Research on General Deterrence: a Critical Review.” Law and Society Review 20 (1998): 545-572.
Wright, Valerie. Deterrence in Criminal Justice: Evaluating Certainty vs. Severity of Punishment, The Sentencing Project: 1–9, Archived, 2010.