رویکرد دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی نسبت به اهداف مجازات

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

نظام حقوق بین‌الملل، فاقد یک روش خاص در رابطه با مجازات و ارزیابی اهداف آن است. درحالی‌که برخی سیستم‌های ملّی*** با گذر از مرحله نظام سنتی تعیین مجازات به مقوله عدالت ترمیمی توجه دارند، نظام کیفری بین‌المللی، اهدافی آرمان‌گرایانه را از مجازات به سبک نظام کلاسیک داخلی تعقیب می‌نماید. دادگاه‌های کیفری بین‌المللی و ازجمله دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی، هرکدام بنا به شرایط ویژه‌ای که در چهارچوب آن به‌وجود آمده‌اند، رویکردی خاص یعنی صلح و سازش و درعین‌حال، عام که همان اهداف کلاسیک در سیستم‌های ملّی است، نسبت به اهداف مجازات داشته‌اند. هدف نوشتار حاضر، استخراج و استنباط اهداف مجازات با روش تفسیری ـ تحلیلی در پرتو اسناد و رویه قضایی دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که رویکرد دیوان را می‌توان متأثر از رویه سایر دادگاه‌های کیفری بین‌المللی و مقدمه اساسنامه رم دانست. دیوان همچنین تلاش نموده است تا عناصری از سیستم عدالت ترمیمی در حقوق داخلی را از حیث هنجاری و عملی وارد سیستم عدالت کیفری بین‌المللی نماید هرچند که جبران خسارت در دیوان از آثار مجازات است نه جزئی از اهداف مجازات.



*** در رابطه با مقوله عدالت ترمیمی، دولت‌های نیوزیلند، استرالیا، کانادا و ایالات‌متحده را می‌توان از دولت‌های پیشگام نام برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The International Criminal Court Approach to Punishment Objectives

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdireza Sadeghi 1
  • Seyyed Ghasem Zamani 2
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Divinity and Law, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The International law system lacks a specific method in relation to punishment and the evaluation of its objectives. As some national systems, with the transition from the traditional system of punishment to the category of restorative justice, are concerned, the international criminal system pursues an idealistic goal of punishment in the style of the classical internal system. International criminal tribunals, including the ICC, in accordance with the special conditions created within the framework of it, have a special namely peace and reconciliation and at the same time general approach namely classic aims to the aims of punishment. The ICC's approach can be influenced by the procedural law of other international criminal tribunals and preamble of Rome statute. The ICC has also tried to integrate elements of the restorative justice of domestic Legal system into the international criminal justice system in a normative and practical manner. However, reparation in the iCC is not part of the punishments objective but it is effect of punishment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Punishment Objectives
  • The International Criminal Court
  • Restorative Justice
  • International Crimes
  • Criminal Justice
  • Classical and Modern Approaches of Punishment
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